btw, when I got to college, the number of black students in
my class was still not what you would call high. The institution of higher
learning was Rice University, with many excellent professors and a handful of
the other kind, in a rather enclosed setting—the campus was one of the few
sites in Houston at that time that had actual hardwood trees, spreading oaks
said to have been planted by a Mexican-American gardener on his own initiative,
years earlier, to change the face of Houston in one sector. Rice had a very
small student body, with a 10-to-1 faculty-student ratio or less and a 4-to-1
male-female undergraduate ratio. About one-third engineering students, it was
also not particularly heterogeneous then, in spite of conscientious efforts. After
all, Rice Institute, as the university had originally been named, had been
founded by charter by William Marsh Rice to be “free to all white boys.” The
‘boys’ part fell within four years—a few women were admitted back near the beginning—but
the race part took a little longer (decades). Several student athletes were
African-American, but Linda Faye Williams was my only black classmate not an
athlete, the only young woman.
Linda, who went on to grad school at Chicago and became a
lively and inspiring political scientist—words that do not often go
together—died last year, heartbreakingly early. Rice’s Fondren Library now has
a room named in her honor. Back when we were composing our annual yearbook, a
‘yearbox’ that year, submitting photographs with our own captions to define
ourselves, Linda submitted a photo of a bus token.
But—as Tom Lehrer would say—I digress.
Back to busing. School in
Then came an enormous junior high/middle school and a school
bus for the first time in my life. The Houston Independent School District went
through three stages of segregation while I was there: first outright total
segregation; then the effort to pretend in courts that “separate but equal”
really was equal; then a foot-dragging pretense of integrating “with all deliberate
speed,” which finally collapsed after the courts ruled that there was all too
much deliberation and too little speed, but not until after I had graduated
from high school.
So about the time thousands of us went from elementary to
middle school, HISD built a bunch of new black schools in an effort to shore up
the ‘equal’ pretense. The result for me individually was a longer bus trip—I as
a white kid of course did not have the option of attending one of three new black
junior highs built nearer my parents’ home than the white school I was
districted in. Instead, I was bused forcibly, across that expensive buffer zone,
to the crumbling and overcrowded, noisy junior high named after one of our
local rightwing-nut-but-wealthy families, where I was largely miserable at
school—fortunately, I had friends in my own neighborhood--for three dim years,
except in accelerated classes and in music, till high school.
For the same length of time, I also suffered the
bus—overcrowded, noisy, dirty and aging. These were the innocent
pre-safety-seat days, when young people’s safety was just not much of a factor
in anyone’s calculations. So I got on the bus every day, rode standing jammed
in with student bodies about 99 percent of whom outweighed me, in
un-air-conditioned Houston heat most of those days, got off the bus with
clothes and hair a mess (I thought), and learned all the dirty words that I
know probably the first week. I remember my father asking me, rather naively I
thought, They don’t use rough language on that bus, do they?
Incidentally, conflict and violence were not exactly
unknown. One of the big gaps in all the inflamed ‘reporting’ about busing—which
at its peak included about 3 percent of U.S. students—is that adolescent
conflict in schools tends to be associated exclusively with race. Race was
absolutely not a factor on any bus I ever rode; 100 percent of my fellow riders
were white. Conflict and discomfort still prevailed. I remember hitting a guy
on the head with my hairbrush, for reasons I cannot at all recollect—wish I had
not.
So it could be acknowledged, even by people who rightly
wanted to end segregation as my own parents did, that—as stated—being forcibly
bused in bad conditions was a miserable experience.
On the other side, an accurate view of ‘busing,’ often referred to but
always partially, must at least mention those
separate-but-equal days. Every reference to ‘busing’ in the news media
associates busing with desegregation. This is truthiness.
Mandatory busing didn’t come in with integration, didn’t
start with desegregation. An accurate version of those years would include the
unmentioned fact that thousands of us white kids were already being bused,
without choice and mostly without input, in support of segregation.
Stumble It!